Posts tagged with political dissent

Lt. Antonio Trillanes and Brig. General Danilo Lim addressing the media in their failed putsch against President Arroyo in 2007. (Photo not mine)

We had just taken our political law final exam last night, so I might as well write something about the amnesty granted by President Aquino to the Magdalo soliders who staged several putsches against the Arroyo administration the past years.

Amnesty is an exercise of political power. It is political in nature. It is usually granted as a blanket clemency on a certain class or group of people who committed political crimes, or crimes which are political in nature. It is inherent in any government to have the power to “forgive” political offenders and extinguish their crimes and their liabilities. It is distinguished from pardon which is usually granted to individuals for ordinary crimes and is based on the power to correct miscarriages of justice, especially to the poor and marginalized. Amnesty extinguishes the crime totally, as if the act committed was never a crime in the first place (without prejudice to civil liability for damages). Pardon, on the other hand, only extinguishes the penalty, and may be subject to conditions, but recognizes the act as a crime–which is why it is only granted to those who have been convicted by final judgment, as opposed to amnesty which can be granted to any alleged criminal during trial, as long as he confesses to the acts committed.

Here are two examples of past Presidents’ exercise of amnesty: In 1946, President Manuel Roxas granted amnesty to all post-war criminals who committed acts such as murder in furtherance of the guerilla resistance against the Japanese; in 1986, President Corazon Aquino granted amnesty to political prisoners of the Marcos regime after the latter’s overthrow. In both instances, we see the distinct political character of amnesties. They are meant to correct political injustices of previous eras.

Some people are expressing their disapproval of the amnesty grant to the Magdalo soldiers for condoning criminals and rewarding crimes. I think we have to make a distinction between condoning and rewarding ordinary crimes from extinguishing political offenses.

Amnesty does not reward criminals. The crimes rebels commit are usually against oppressive and corrupt regimes. Rebels are rebels because the prevailing government at the time says so. They are not ordinary criminals. Amnesty simply recognizes the very idea of rebellion and the inherent power of the people to rebel and resist oppression. The power to forgive political offenses must be inherent in any new government or administration to correct the political oppresion of any past dispensation.

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Some of my colleagues in the University Student Council and I joined the youth rally Tuesday last week to condemn the Arroyo administration’s pronouncements of Charter change and term extension. That was the day before the House of Representatives’ Justice Committee junked the latest attempt to unseat President Arroyo through impeachment.

We held a short program with the people at Plaza Miranda before snaking around the Quiapo area to encourage people to join the march to Mendiola where we were eventually blocked by the usual police barricade. After holding a brief program near Morayta, we dispersed peacefully.

We all know the President has the House of Representatives. And after sowing division among opposition senators (fueled by their own political ambitions) in the Senate, it’s now also effectively hers, too. The Supreme Court is also soon going to be hers with her impending appointment of seven SC Justices, effectively transforming the highest court in the land into an assembly of Arroyo appointees. The military leadership is also hers. The last impeachment attempt before 2010 has been junked. Her Congressional allies are a few votes short of convening a Constituent Assembly to change the Constitution. The entire machinery of the government is effectively at her disposal. Maintaining the loyalty of all these crocodiles, of course, entails an enormous cost on ordinary Filipino taxpayers.

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When Press Secretary Jesus Dureza prayed last November 18 in a Cabinet meeting that Gloria Arroyo will continue to lead the country “even beyond 2010,” he actually meant it. The President herself also meant it, even as she pretended to be embarrassed, as the events before and after the prayer indicate that the Charter change is set up once again for an Arroyo dictatorship beyond 2010.

After its failed attempt to use the MOA on Acestral Domain with the MILF to initiate constitutional amendments, the US-Arroyo regime is now more desperate than ever to clear the way for the Charter change express. Arroyo’s last ditch effort to extend her term is without the usual theatrics and pretensions – the danger of term extension is now staring us at the eye.

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People's State of the Nation Address SONA

July 28, 2008. It was my second SONA (State of the Nation Address) rally. This year’s mobilization was definitely larger than last year. It was a broad-alliance rally of BAYAN (Bagong Alyansang Makabayan) and other political opposition groups. I went there as a member of the University Student Council along with my other colleagues in the institution. More than a hundred UP students joined the march all the way from Diliman to the rally site near Ever Gotesco Mall along Commonwealth Avenue. Some of my blockmates from UP College of Law even joined the rally after our Legal History class that morning.

People's State of the Nation Address SONA

I shall just repost the editorial we have for the current issue of Oblation, the official newsletter of the University Student Council.

OBLATION ISSUE #2 EDITORIAL

When power becomes an end in itself, and not a means for the common good, moral judgments are bound to take the backseat. And so, the annual State of the Nation Address ““ meant to truthfully report on the president’s progress for the year ““ has evolved into a tool for deception.

Since 2001, Gloria Arroyo has trumpeted her administration’s achievements. Elaborate cover-up techniques were employed, with numbers and rhetoric as her most potent weapons. The littlest improvements were exaggerated, harsh statistics were ignored, and outmoded yet positive data were favored over the recent but negative figures. Consistently, the end result is a rosy picture of the national fabric, even when reality tells of bleak prospects.

Yet, a closer look on Arroyo’s fiscal reforms reveals sinister details.

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It was probably the largest anti-Arroyo youth mobilization I’ve been to. Thousands of students from dozens of high schools, colleges and universities in Metro Manila, including several hundreds from UP Diliman, converged at Plaza Miranda and marched together towards Mendiola to air the youth’s collective and justified grievances against the Arroyo administration.

My day started mildly with an interview together with Airah at the Office of Student Affairs as a requirement for recognition of STAND-UP. Then we went back to Math Building to speak with students who have themselves walked out, and invited them to join the protest at Palma Hall and at Mendiola.

Before noon, dozens of students marched from the Math Building and the National Institute of Geological Sciences Building to join the hundreds of other students at Palma Hall lobby for a brief program before we all boarded jeepneys to Espana, Manila.

From Espana, the UP Diliman contingent were joined by hundreds of students from nearby high schools and colleges, and students from the University of Santo Tomas (UST) and the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP). Together, we marched along Quezon Boulevard, amidst some cheers and confetti from pedestrians and residents along the road, all the way to Plaza Miranda where the main program of the protest was held.

For around two hours we all chanted and listened to impassioned speeches from representatives of schools and universities, even from the largely bourgeoisie Ateneo de Manila, to sectoral representatives from Bayan Muna, Kabataang Pinoy Party and other mass organizations. At half past four, we all started to march in thousands to Mendiola.

By the time we all got to Morayta in front of Far Eastern University (FEU), the police unleashed their fire truck water canons and tried to disperse the thousands-strong warm bodies by pushing us back. It was agitating. It was the first time I volunteered to to join the front-liners to break through the police barricade. I’ve never felt so angry and agitated in a rally before. As we were linking arms, pushing and shoving against the policemen who were pushing us back, I wanted to burst and scream. All we had were our unarmed selves, our principles and our justified calls. And to that, the Arroyo administration answers back, not with long-term and genuine pro-people solutions, but intensified forms of repression and military intelligence operations against the youth in campuses across the country.

I’ve never felt more resolved in my involvement in the youth movement.

(Fine, to appease those who fear I might default on my studies, I’ve never been more resolved in pursuing law studies having realized how this administration has continually used the legal system and its technicalities to oppress and repress dissent, and maintain its hold on to power. I’ve never been more resolved realizing that the high cost of law studies, even in UP, has made it even more exclusive to those who can afford it, and are fortunate enough to have connections, to the detriment of the people who need legal education the most).

Agitated as we were, we decided to march back towards Espana and held a noise barrage amidst cheers from motorists and pedestrians. We were joined by contingents from COURAGE and MIGRANTE.

This President is a dead duck after 2010. If you still believe she will willfully hand over the administration to the next leader, you better think again. To survive beyond 2010 and all the cases that will definitely come her way, this President will simply not step down, unless it is certain the next administration will protect her. Such she knows we will not allow either in the next elections, (if there will be a national election two years from now). Friends, there’s no other way but to oust this corrupt and fascist administration. There’s no better time than now. Pinning our hopes on genuine change in 2010 is almost plain naivete.

And while she and her family spends our money, amassing billions of pesos from her family’s monopoly on government contracts and other such kickbacks, millions of Filipinos continue to fall below the poverty line amidst a worsening economic crises that has affected and has cut through all classes and sectors in society (except her family and cohorts, of course).

Kabataan, hindi na tayo pag-asa ng bayan. Inaasahan na tayo ng sambayanan.

[Pictures from Jonna Baldres]

Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals

June 04, 2008. As the Court of Appeals conducted a hearing for the combined writ of amparo and writ of habeas corpus to compel the Philippine Military to surface abducted UP students Karen Empeno & Sherlyn Cadapan, dozens of activists including relatives of the missing staged a picket outside the premises of the second highest court in the country.

I went to the picket and I also spoke in behalf of the University Student Council and the other concerned students of UP, where both Karen & Sherlyn come from. Bang and Lester were also there.

Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals Desaparacidos Picket at Court of Appeals

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The banner headline of the Philippine Daily Inquirer today caught me off-guard. “GMA: No to Tuition Hike.” What a spin that was!

It was simply that, a press gimmick. What makes her statement entirely preposterous is that in the first place, it is her administration’s long standing policy to direct state colleges and universities (SUC’s) to tighten their belts and increase fees and other self-generating income procedures (Long Term Higher Education Development Plan 2010). It was also her administration’s directive policy to lift the tuition increase cap on private educational institutions, hence opening the floodgates of incessant increases in tuition across the country. It’s because of her why tuition and other fees have been increasing rampantly the past years.

And what purpose will this statement serve? It doesn’t make sense. Private and state universities have already increased tuition months and years ago. Various fee increases in state colleges and universities have already been implemented under her administration. Students have already been forced to pay their fees. Unless the President’s directive is retroactive, which it is apparently not, it’s an empty gimmick. Unless she orders for a tuition rollback, the directive is useless.

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It comes to me with slight surprise that there is little talk among students and bloggers with regards to the imminent shortage of rice in the country. I don’t know, perhaps, as a middle class concern, the pursuit of low-carb diets and the shortage of rice go hand-in-hand? Or perhaps since we all apparently have alternative sources of nutrition, rice shortage isn’t really a primary concern? Or because many of us can afford it at 40 pesos a kilo anyway? I don’t really know. But for the common Filipino who remains to be poor, rice is one of the cheapest foods that sustain his daily nutrition, especially for the many work of his (if any) that require intensive manual labor. Just the thought of rice at 40 or 50 pesos per kilo must be really alarming and terrifying. When shall it be alarming for the rest?

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March 14, 2008. Thousands of students from different universities in Metro Manila marched to Liwasang Bonifacio to continue the clamor for truth and accountability from the scandal-ridden Arroyo administration.

Anti-Arroyo Youth Rally (Mar. 14, '08) Anti-Arroyo Youth Rally (Mar. 14, '08) Anti-Arroyo Youth Rally (Mar. 14, '08) Anti-Arroyo Youth Rally (Mar. 14, '08) Anti-Arroyo Youth Rally (Mar. 14, '08) Anti-Arroyo Youth Rally (Mar. 14, '08)

It was the Friday before Holy Week, many students were busy with exams and other final academic requirements for the semester. Despite the academic load and pressure on that day, around a hundred students and teachers from UP Diliman joined the youth rally at Liwasang Bonifacio.

A short program was held at the steps of Palma Hall before we all boarded hired jeepneys to Espana Avenue in Manila, from where we marched all the way through Quiapo until we crossed the Pasig River to Liwasang Bonifacio.

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